What is Cataract?
Cataract is the clouding of the eye's natural lens, which lies behind the iris and pupil. This condition impairs vision as light cannot pass clearly to the retina. As Dr. A Rauf from Sterling Eye Clinic, I've observed that cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide, but they are treatable.
According to Mayo Clinic, cataracts develop when proteins in the lens clump together, scattering light. They are not contagious and progress slowly over time.
Types of Cataract
Main types include:
- Nuclear Cataract: Affects the center of the lens, common with aging (AOA).
- Cortical Cataract: Impacts the lens edges, often linked to diabetes.
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataract: Forms at the back of the lens, progressing faster (NHS).
- Congenital Cataract: Present at birth or develops in childhood.
Causes of Cataract
Primary causes are:
- Aging: Most common, as lens proteins break down.
- UV radiation from sunlight (Mayo Clinic).
- Medical conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
- Smoking and excessive alcohol.
- Eye trauma or previous surgery.
- Long-term use of corticosteroids (NHS).
Sometimes, the cause is unknown, but lifestyle factors play a role.
Risk Factors
Increased risk with:
- Age over 60.
- Family history of cataracts.
- Prolonged sun exposure without protection.
- Obesity or poor diet.
For detailed assessments, visit Sterling Eye Clinic eye conditions page.